The Proven Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1418 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Abraham Lincoln Essay Did you like this example? The Lincoln prize winning book by Doris Kearns Goodwin Team of Rivals aims to prove the secondary title of the book. The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln. Goodwin in her introduction opens the book showcasing the soon to be comrades who at the present time were rivals for the nomination for president in the brand new Republican party in the the election of 1860. Goodwin states that out of these team of rivals and future cabinet members in the Lincoln administration Lincoln would emerge the undisputed captain of the most unusual cabinet. Goodwin, also dispels the myth that Lincoln had battles with depression. I had assumed that Lincoln suffered chronic depression. On the contrary even during the worst days of the war, he retained his ability to function at a very high level. However, while Goodwin explores and dispels multiple myths in the introduction she establishes her thesis This, then, is a story of Lincolns political genius revealed through his extraordinary array of personal qualities that enable him to form a friendships with men who had previously opposed him; to repair injured feelings that, left untended, might have escalated into permanent hostility to assume responsibility for the failures of subordinates; to share credit with ease; and to learn from mistakes. Goodwin proves her case throughout the 754 page book and this is shown in three time periods of Lincolns life Lincoln his strategy during the Republican Convention in Chicago, his campaign for president including the forming of his cabinet, and bot h his foreign and domestic relations during his presidency. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Proven Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln" essay for you Create order Goodwin weaves a thread of 249 pages of introduction to the cabinet members of the Lincoln administration who in 1860 were vying for the chance to be president. New York Senator William H. Seward, Ohio governor Salmon P. Chase, and from Missouri Edward Bates who was a statesman and a judge. Goodwin establishes a lengthy case that these other gentlemen were made ready for the office of president in those 249 pages. But one fact is laid hidden in those pages about Lincoln and his way with people to make them smile, forget, and laugh. When Lincoln was a travelling attorney in Illinois travelling the circuit trying cases. When the day of trying cases was over No sooner had everyone settled in than the call would come for Lincoln to take center stage. He would start weave stories for the onlookers in attendance they were in full laugh till near daylight. This characteristic would prove critical and win the nomination for Lincoln during the Republican convention in Chicago in 1860. Lincoln knew that the way to winning the nomination was to play it cool and keep a leveled head. He told those who were working to get him the nomination leave the delegates in the mood to come to us, if they shall be compelled to give up their first love. The other three nominees Bates, Seward, and Chase may have been better suited by others for the office of President. Each one had offended someone or not had enough votes to win the nomination from the Republicans for President. Only one man had thought through the long game of the convention and the subsequent path to nomination Abraham Lincoln the Republican nominee for president in 1860. Once the events at the Republican convention had occurred, Lincoln set about organizing his campaign to become the sixteenth president of the United States. A task which he knew was one that he could not accomplish on his own. He would need to the help of his former rivals Chase, Bates and especially Seward who would later become his right hand man Goodwin would observe. During, the formation of his presidential campaign surrogates Lincoln would experience a foreshadowing of a political thorn in his side from the future Secretary of Treasury Salmon Chase. Lincoln displayed his political prowess by not replying to letter from Chase asking him to feel sorry him for his home state did not vote for him at the convention. While Lincoln worked to enlist the cooperation of all his rivals he knew that the active support of William Henry Seward would be pivotal to the his campaign. Not only did Lincoln need his rivals for his political for his presidential campaign but also his cabinet. Goodwin displays Lincolns genius when he was asked why he fought to get his rivals in his cabinet. We needed the strongest men of the (Republican) in the Cabinet. We needed to hold our own people together. I had looked the party over and concluded these were the very strongest men. Then I had no right to deprive the country of their services. The diplomatic skills of Lincoln were on full display Goodwin states during the his presidency by his treatment of generals, his dealing with loss, and his political prowess to end slavery. Before Lincolns first inaugural address, Seward looked it over and found it to be lacking in tact. Sewards revisions are evident in nearly every paragraph. He qualified some (statements) removed rough edges in others. Lincoln received his first lesson in diplomacy from his Secretary of State before his inauguration. Lincoln would quickly return the favor before Seward would send an incidary letter to the British in fear that they would back the Confederate States of America. The incidary letter had the potential to open the Civil War on two fronts. The quickly learned art of foreign relations of Lincoln avoided a war with France and Britain. Lincolns unseen hand had shaped critical policy. Only three months earlier the frontier lawyer had confessed to Seward that he knew little of foreign affairs. When dealing with his Generals was able to aptly manage the job of being both a diplomat and a Commander-in-Chief. During an interaction with General Butler, Lincoln requested, When you see me doing anything that for the good of the country ought not be done, come and tell me so and why you think so. The statement made to Butler was indicative of how he handled his Presidency. While Goodwin points out in the book that Lincoln was not without flaws for not firing the head of the War Department Simon Cameron until a year after his installation and place Edwin Stanton. A lawyer who humiliated him (Lincoln) in Cincinnati six years earlier. Despite the remarks Stanton made about Lincoln he was able to get past them for the good of the nation. After nearly a year of disappointment with Cameron, Lincoln had found in Stanton the leader the War Department needed. According to Goodwin the lethal threat to his administration did not come from the Civil War but from within his cabinet. Salmon Chase proved to be a cruel thorn in the side of Lincoln since Chase who constantly was working to usurp the president in his own administration. While the Diplomat-In-Chief was aware of Chases presidential desires he knew he needed him for the Secretary of Treasury. In two months since congress adjourned, Chase had sold more than $45 million in bonds and the demand for the bonds was steadily increasing. However, Chases prowess in treasury could not overpower his desire to be president. When Chase submitted his resignation for a third time as an act of symbolism hoping Lincoln would refuse it. Lincoln accepted, and Goodwin points out Chases flaws He thinks he has become indispensable to the country He also thinks that he ought to be president. The Lincoln administration and life can be summed up by a conversation Lincoln had with a colleague Joshua Speed after the Executive Order of Emancipation Proclamation. During the conversation, the two discussed a dark depressing period in Lincolns life just some 20 years prior and his thoughts of suicide and why he didnt. He had done nothing to make any human being remember that he had lived. Goodwin proves towards the end of her book after Lincolns death as a result of an assassination by John Wilkes Booth Lincolns place in history. The deathless name he sought from the start had from the start had grown far beyond Sangamon County and Illinois, reached across truly United States, until his legacy as Staton had surmised at the moment of his death, belonged not only to America but to the ages-to be revered and sung throughout all time. Despite Lincolns lack of foreign and domestic policy experience, and military strategy and interaction with Generals. Goodwin proves Lincoln was a po litical genius who adapted to situations and brought rivals together who in return would hold a fractured Union together.

The Worm in the Apple - 707 Words

The worm in the apple John Cheever is an American novelist, who gained his popularity as a short-story writer, for which he was awarded with Pulitzer prize for fiction. His work mostly deal with the duality oh human nature corroborated by cultural and psychological background. And his short story titled â€Å"The worm in the apple† is not an exclusion. The story unfolds very smoothly and evenly in spite of of the stirring and at the same time troubling subject of the matter. We get acquainted with the main characters – The Crutchman family â€Å"so very very happy and so temperate in all their habits and so pleased with everything that came their way†, due to the anaphoric repetition the author creates intensification, that states the problem –†¦show more content†¦For everybody the Crutchmans family apple is perfect, but inside, it is repellent. With the help of the atmosphere the author shows his own discourse about the problem – for him this familys way of life is ridiculous and absurd. He dwells upon it with tongue in cheek. It seems that characters are everywhere but not in their family just because they know and understand the despair and ruefulness of their little family theater. One more theme is relationships between parents and children. And one more time we see the worm: the mother who loves one child more than the other one, the mother who is jealous of her own daughter. And that of course cannot but contributes to Rachels and Toms future lives. Having condemned her own life, Helen does the same about their childrens ones. Speaking about the language, it contributes to the whole effect of the story. It opens with the sentence that sounds like a contradiction the Crutchmans are so happy that everyone necessarily believed that they are not. It is impossible not to notice the irony of Cheever – they are so so so very happy. This usage of numerous adjectives makes the story emotional and intense. Cheever creates the increase of tension by long sentences (he was at the communion rail, the fifty yard line). Many of them are 4-5 lines. But for slatting the problem the author uses simple short rhetorical questions. There arent many stylistics devices in the text and the title of the story is maybe, the mainShow MoreRelatedThe Iphone Of The Ipad Craze1396 Words   |  6 PagesAnd now, we re going to bring multi-touch to the market. And each of these revolutionary interfaces has made possible a revolutionary product - the Mac, the iPod and now the iPhone (Iphone Quotes, 2001-2014).† Steve Jobs said this of his company, Apple, which has transformed the world around us. Over the years, the iPhone has evolved from the original to the latest iPhone. 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AIS Transactions on Human Computer Interaction †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the AIS Transactions on Human Computer Interaction. Answer: Introduction Business communication is indisputably one of the most critical subjects to explore. Even though it has been ignored by most researchers and scholars, it should be appreciated that this subject is one of the factors that keep any business in positive progress. Businesses that use good communication systems are likely to succeed as opposed to those that do not or use poor strategies(Leonardi, 2014). On the same note, the use of social media in the place of work has brought a lot of impact ranging to the way things are done therein to the success of the business itself. This fact means that business to a large extent is dependent on communication. This paper presents a report of research that was previously done concerning the impact of the use of social media in the workplace. For the research, Canva organization was chosen as the case study. The effects of active internal communication and the use of virtual employee interaction were selected as the subject matter. In the case of social media and virtue interaction, the internet process of Bitrix was selected. This report will identify the company and give its brief background, explore the impact of social networking on job performance, look at the future of digital workforce and workplace, unveil the effects of social media in the workplace and lastly report on the media theory, concept and knowledge transfer process. The organization background Canva is a company that is involved in free graphic design that was established in the year 2012 in Australia serving as the most extensive yearbook company in the whole of Australia. The company has been associated with a rapid market involvement based on the fact that it got 75,000 users in the first business year(Meraz, 2014). In 2016-2017 calendar year, its revenue increased from $AU 7.8 to $AU 23.5 million, a good indication of positive progress. Because the company specializes in the professional picture and banner printing, it becomes, therefore, imperative to have mutual communication and interaction with the employees, a step that promotes invention and innovativeness. Canva has some loopholes that ought to be closed for maximum performance. Sometimes it registers failed communication due to the use of inappropriate methods of communication. Employees need to communicate to and with each other at any time of the day forming a virtual online group. It is due to this reason therefore, than the company ought to embrace more sophisticated digital communication to ease connectivity between its employees thus improving performance. Evidently, the use of social media networking and constant communication and sharing of ideas and other information within the employees in Canva has brought about some felt effects(Leftheriotis, 2015). From the previously conducted research on the same, it has been found that employee performance is entirely dependent on the use of intranet and interaction as this has brought about motivation in the company(Hudson, 2015). The two outstanding variables, in this case, are the employees and the management. This research found out that transfer of implicit knowledge has at the end of the day brought about explicit knowledge. Interaction has also brought about ethics acquisition and adherence. The so acquired understanding will affect the job performance as well as the problem-solving skills. The future of digital workforce is appealing and promising. Most of the companies worldwide, of which Canva is part of, are continually acquiring the idea of digital connection amongst all the company stakeholders for the betterment of its operations(Kim, 2017). Just as the social media is threatening to overtake the mainstream media in the dissemination of information and new ideas, it is also threatening traditional ways of communication and interaction in the modern day organizations(Romero, 2016). As a result, therefore, it is expected that tomorrow management and all aspects of the organization will be controlled digitally and that the old practices will be dropped. For instance, an employee will not be obliged to signing a hard document to prove his/her attendance. Instead, the employee will need to log into the system, and it recognizes him/her(Kim Y. , 2015). Again on the same note, employees will be in a position to work online at their convenience and in the comfort of thei r homes. Impact of the social media in the workplace According to the previously conducted research concerning Canva organization, it has been found out that the use of social media has various effects in the workplace. Firstly, it has brought about teamwork and social cohesion within the employees(Ngai, 2017). It is true that when we come together great things happen. The indisputable fact remains that one mind cannot beat ten minds. It is through social media that employees have come together and started working together as a team(Archer-Brown, 2014). Currently, the success of Canva organization is attached to teamwork and cohesion brought about by the use of virtual connectivity. Another outstanding effect of the use of virtual connectivity in Canva is improved performance. Due to a virtual system of connection, employees have actively generated valuable ideas that have boosted that performance of the company(Faraj, 2015). Inventions and innovations have also been witnessed as a result of the use of social media in Canva. Increased rate of production is yet another noticeable impact that has been brought about by the use of social media in canva(Moqbel, 2015). Employees have developed a sense of belonging to the company and have a feeling that the company belongs to them and therefore they must give the best. This fact has resulted in increased output hence increased revenue. While social media has proven to be very crucial in improving the togetherness and productivity of an organization, it should be appreciated that it has varying negative effects. Firstly, it forms a basis for the development of workplace romance, something that reduces performance. Secondly, employees may use it for unprofessional social interaction thereby reducing performance. Thirdly, some employees take its advantage in building their social profile rather than working for the best interest of the company. The solution to all the problems mentioned above is good policy prescription. The organization should have well defined policies stipulating the dos and donts when using social media and virtual connectivity in the workplace. The media theory, knowledge and transfer process The knowledge transfer process is entirely dependent on communication and in this case communication over the internet. According to the research conducted to give this report, it has been found that the laying out of strategies that bring about the betterment of the company depends on the communication process. This statement is to mean that if a communication process is weak than the business performance is poor(Heinrichs, 2016). On the same note, companies with useful information dissemination and knowledge transfer processes stand a more significant chance to succeed as opposed to those that use poor knowledge transfer strategies(Schermerhorn, 2015). In order make sense out of this fact, the implementation of any business ideas and plans will be put into reality through effective communication and this case social media interaction. Training employees on critical issues will also be made more accessible by virtual interaction Conclusion Human beings from all walks of the world feel good when they interact and share ideas and feelings about any subject. This interaction acts as a motivating factor that prevents boredom and improves performance. If this aspect is incorporated in the modern day businesses, then they would automatically succeed. The use of social media and virtual connectivity has placed many companies and corporations in a better place than they were before implementation of the connectivity. Employee job performance and activity in the workplace has been improved thereby increasing per unit production. Therefore, the use of social media and virtual connectivity has positively impacted performance and output. Recommendations Social media and virtual connectivity in the workplace have brought about the success of many companies. As a business communication scholar, I would, therefore, feel obliged to recommend the use of social media and virtual connectivity to all companies willing to have positive results. Undoubtedly, virttual connectivity amongst the employees will bring about increased performance, and this is the ultimate goal of any company. Just as Canva organization has succeeded as a result of Bitrix intranet, so with other organizations that implement this approach succeed. References Archer-Brown, C. (2014). Strategic knowledge management and enterprise social media. Journal of Knowledge Management, 37-45. Faraj, S. (2015). The different influence of social media affordances on online communal knowledge sharing. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 4 (7), 54-66. Heinrichs, J. (2016). Influence of social networking site and user access method on social media evaluation. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 4 (7), 23-40. Hudson, S. (2015). The influence of social media interactions on consumerbrand relationships: A three-country study of brand perceptions and marketing behaviors. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 7 (89), 34-50. Kim, A. (2017). Do social media marketing activities enhance customer equity? An empirical study of the luxury fashion brand. Journal of Business Research, 7 (9), 45-50. Kim, Y. (2015). Influence of social media uses on discussion network heterogeneity and civic engagement. The moderating role of personality traits. Journal of Communication, 5 (8), 36-50. Leftheriotis, I. (2015). Using social media for work: Losing your time or improving your work? Computers in Human Behavior, 7 (9), 39-46. Leonardi, P. (2014). Social media and their affordances for organizing: A review and agenda for research. Academy of Management Annals, 45 (32), 65-70. Meraz, S. (2014). Is there an elite hold? Traditional media to social media agenda setting influence in blog networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 45 (6), 67-87. Moqbel, M. (2015). Enterprise social media use and impact on performance: The role of workplace integration and positive emotions. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, 4 (8), 25-27. Ngai, E. (2017). Social media research: Theories, constructs, and conceptual frameworks. International Journal of Information Management, 4 (7), 37-45. Romero, D. (2016). Influence and passivity in social media. In Joint European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases. Springer, 2 (5), 33-45. Schermerhorn, J. (2015). Management: Foundations and Applications. John Wiley Sons, 5 (7), 45-90.

The Symbolic Scarlet Letter free essay sample

The Symbolic Scarlet Letter Hyatt Waggoner, a noted Hawthorne scholar, says, The Scarlet Letter is Hawthornes most widely read and admired novel and is also the one that has inspired the most inconclusive debate . . . (Waggoner 118). Much of the trouble in interpreting The Scarlet Letter stems from the fact that the story is highly symbolic. The Scarlet Letter opens with the stark image of the throng of people surrounding the prison door. Hawthorne creates a mood by using the, sad colored, garment and, gray, steeple crowned hats, to give the reader a feeling a gloom and sadness. Among these dark, sad images Hawthorne interjects the wild red rose. As Hawthorne puts it, to symbolize some sweet moral blossom, that may be found along the track, or relieve the darkening close of a tale of human frailty and sorrow (McMichael 1033). The prison is symbolic of moral evil which would be sin and the cemetery is a symbol of natural evil which would be death. We will write a custom essay sample on The Symbolic Scarlet Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is commonly agreed that the colors are used extensively in The Scarlet Letter as symbols. This is illustrated by the scene by the prison door, but the use and importance of the symbol grows as the book moves along. Pearl, is often identified with the color red, which Waggoner identifies as evil. Pearl is not an evil child in the true sense of the word, but she is a reflection of her parents immorality and their love. The color â€Å"red with images of bright glow â€Å"shows Pearl to be the product of a moment of passion between Hester and Dimmesdale. Just like the red rose at the start of the story, Pearl is meant to relieve the sorrow and misery. The most famous symbol is of course the scarlet letter itself. Called, The Elaborate Sign, by Waggoner, the letter A exhibits itself a number of times and in a number of ways throughout the story. The A may appear on Dimmesdales chest, it appears as Pearl, in the sky as a huge letter formed by a comet; in the mirror at the Governors mansion; and on Hesters tombstone (McMichael 1150). The letter itself is red, which at first glance would seem to confirm Mr. Waggoners theory that red in the story is a representation of evil. A case can be made, however, that even in the letter A that red is symbolic of hope and spirit. The scarlet letter is at once both the source of Hesters shame and disgrace and the source of her strength. Not only does it suggest the seed out of which Pearl grew, but it is a symbol of Hester doing the right thing in being humbled for her indiscretions. In conclusion, whether or not Hawthorne would intentionally picture a woman and a sinner as a Christ figure is not a question that can be answered within the scope of this paper. The similarities are too strong to ignore. The red of the A is representative of Christs blood. Hester, like Christ, went to her cross in satisfaction of anothers sins. The problem of Christ being sinless and Hester not is solved by Hawthorne, as he portrays Hester as the highest moral character in the novel.

PSY101 memories Essays

PSY101 memories Essays PSY101 memories Paper PSY101 memories Paper Essay Topic: Literature George Miller found that the average person is able to keep about ____ digits in mind at a time. seven When an old piece of information interferes with your proactive The memory problem called retroactive interference happens when leaning new information interferes with your memory of old information. Tim can remember what he had for lunch yesterday. This is an example of aan episodic memory. Explicit memory, also called ____ memory, can be clearly stated or explained declarative The memory of how to perform a task is implicit memory Endel Tulving, the cognitive psychologist, classifies memories according to the type of information stored. The two types of explicit memory described by Tulving are semantic and episodic memory. The memory of things that happen to us or occur in our life are referred to as episodic memory. Abe and Rose, who have been married for 13 years, are discussing the episodic Your recollection of the humiliating lecture you received after you were episodic Recall of what your professor said in class and recall of what you wore that day are semantic and episodic General knowledge of history, algebra, and literature refers to ____ memory. semantic The type of memory one would use to remember the seven wonders of the semantic memory. When stating I know. you are referring to a(n) ____ memory semantic; episodic In-line skating and tap dancing skills would be stored in ____ memory. implicit The distinction between semantic and procedural memory is what it was and how one did it. Which of the following is most likely to remain firmly embedded in how to swim Tracy took tennis lessons when she was very young but had not implicit Once we have learned the multiplication tables the recall of 6 times 6 is priming The story about a woman with amnesia who was able to dial her mothers implicit ____ memory is recalling information that was previously learned Retrospective; prospective Which of the following use prospective memory? none of the above The memory that tends to fail when we are feeling stressed, distracted, and prospective memory. Which of the following is not a type of prospective memory? knowledge-based tasks. Which of the following causes a decline in both prospective and retrospective memory? aging The process of changing information so that we can place it in memory is called encoding. The stages of information processing in memory are encoding, storage, and retrieval Jason, straining his eyes on the deck of a ship, is trying to memorize distant visual code. Which of the following is not a psychological format that can be sensory code Which of the following could be used to store The Star Spangled Banner song acoustic code What type of code represents stimuli in terms of their meaning? semantic code Ludwig, a cellist, is memorizing a musical composition by heart without reference to acoustic code. Mimi is memorizing the Bill of Rights in relation to the legal cases in semantic code. ____ means maintaining information over time. Storage Mentally repeating a list or saying it to yourself refers to maintenance rehearsal By mentally repeating a telephone number after looking it up for the maintenance rehearsal While doing his homework, Joe noticed that he was having difficulty with metamemory. Our awareness of the functioning of our memory is defined by psychologists as metamemory. Extending the semantic meaning of something you already know refers to elaborative rehearsal. Using the phrase Elvis Guitar Broke Down on Friday to remember the elaborative rehearsal. The process of locating and returning information to consciousness is retrieval. Locating stored information and returning it to consciousness is retrieval. The correct order of events in memory processing is encoding, storage, and retrieval Sofia is taking a chemistry exam. She has not studied conscientiously for encoding failure Roberto is taking a physics exam. Although he has studied thoroughly information retrieval The process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved is called memory. Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed the three stages of memory referred to as sensory, short-term, and long-term n the Atkinson and Shiffrin stages of memory, the progress of information determines whether and how long information is retained. The eyes fixate from point to point several times each second. This is called saccadic eye movements. While Tanya is visiting the pet store she looks down an aisle and catches both a and b Humans experience a stream of consciousness rather than discrete sensory memory briefly holds perceptions, making them seem connected. The stage of memory that first encounters stimuli is called sensory. If an image of Abraham Lincolns face was flashed on memory trace. The turn of the century psychologist McDougall found four or five letters in a single fixation In 1960, George Sperling modified McDougalls method of ____ whole-report procedure; partial-report procedure George Sperlings experiment determined that both a and b. The significance of Sperlings partial-report procedure study is sensory Psychologist believe that we possess a sensory register for each of our sensory systems. Mental representations of visual stimuli are referred to as ____ icons; iconic Another term for photographic memory is eidetic imagery. Photographic memory involves iconic memory and eidetic imagery. What causes the flow of visual information to iconic memory Visual experience appears as a smooth and continuous iconic memory; saccadic eye movements You are taking notes, while listening to a lecture echoes; echoic Visual images are to ____ memory as auditory images are to iconic; echoic The sensory register that holds the mental representations echoic memory. Memory traces of sounds decay more slowly than those of visual stimuli. The memory that enables one to hold information for both a and b. One will generally encode visual stimuli into auditory both a and b Visual stimuli are most commonly retained in short-term memory by encoding visual stimuli as sounds that can be rehearsed Aaron has just been given a telephone number of a around 10 seconds Dana can only remember a few of the first and last items on her serial-position effect. Information at the beginning and end of a list tends to be more easily recalled than serial-position effect. Jim had received driving directions to his destination from the middle of the sequence. Paul can only remember the conclusions of his speech. This is an example of the serial-position effect. Amy is trying to remember her social security number, while Rehearse the set of numbers keeping them in the 3 chunks format. According to George Miller the number of pieces of information the average person can easily recall after a single exposure. After a single presentation, Megan can recall her friends chunking The typical maximum number of chunks of information that can be held is seven. The telephone number of Brads financial services firm is it consists of only two chunks of information that are meaningfully related to his business. The ability to remember the letters of the alphabet or the words in the rote memory. Mechanical association learning used by an actor to memorize his lines rote memory. Preventing rehearsal can ____ information contained in short-term memory. reduce The appearance of new information in short-term memory limited. The process by which new information displaces older information in the capacity of short-term memory is variable According to Atkinson and Shiffren, the third stage of information processing is long-term memory. Which of the following statements would Freud disagree with Our ideas and perceptions may appear lost because they were never properly encoded. The evidence for the popular idea that all of our experiences are arguable. The way in which we conceptualize our worlds, our beliefs, and o schemas. Rosalind, a forward on the womens basketball team, has invited Bryce She does not fit his schema of her dresses. A person that reconstructs their experience according to their prejudices is allowing a schema to influence their recall. Loftus and Palmer showed people a film of a car crash and then asked them to smashed into The idea that long-term memories are recollections of a car crash can be influenced by the way in which it is labeled. All of the following are problems with eyewitness testimony EXCEPT Children make better witnesses because they are less suggestible than adults. Elizabeth Loftus research on eyewitness memory suggests that memory All of the above According to Elizabeth Loftus, the most significant cause of memory is misleading information Experts suggest that witnesses to a crime contaminate their own memory of the event. The Lost in the Mall study illustrated that both a and b Which of the following is NOT true regarding long-term memory? There is a tendency to replace new information with old information. Danielle, a college senior, is trying to remember the names she has not yet found the cues that will help her retrieve the information from long-term memory A psychology student wants to know how to remember the elaborative The difference between rote learning and meaningful learning is maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal. Some language arts teachers like to say, Another language, another soul. The elaborative rehearsal. While studying for an astronomy exam, Haley realizes that the swirling motion of elaborative rehearsal. Craik and Lockhart argue that memory storage and recall depends upon the ____ depth The ____ model of memory proposes that memory consists of levels-of-processing Henry learned that the word diplomat originates from two Greek stems elaborative rehearsal What is meant by the word deeply in the statement All of the above Which of the following is an example of processing new information deeply. both a and b Susan, Judd, and Melanie work at a music store in the mall Judd The mnemonic device i before e except after c is based upon a(n) semantic code Benjamin can remember exactly where he was and what he was doing flashbulb memory. Emotionally charged events that arrest public interest, like the attacks of flashbulb memories. The vivid, detailed recollection of what you were doing when you learned about flashbulb memory. Flashbulb memories seem vivid for Dramatic events stimulate the brain to produce exact or photographic memories. Which of the following is true regarding long-term memory organization? All of the above ____ is formed in long-term memory by organizing information into groups Hierarchical structure Using the hierarchical structure of your long-term memory of All of the above Evan met Lesley at a party last week. He sees her again a few weeks after tip of the tongue phenomenon. Zelda is trying to remember the name of the actor who played the lead in the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon. One conclusion of Brown and McNeils classic study of the acoustic and semantic codes. Some of the participants in the Brown and McNeil TOT experiments proved to incomplete or imperfect learning. Research suggests that our memories of the past are people tend to seek out positive events and avoid negative ones Evidence from a number of studies demonstrates that recall is ____ worse; context-dependent Jill prefers to study for tests in the classroom where the tests are context-dependant Jennie returned to her elementary school when she was visiting her context-dependent memory Detective Rawlings asked Harry, a witness to a mugging, to mentally reconstruct the context-dependent memory DÃ ©j vu is an example of ____ memory. context-dependant One afternoon Amanda could not remember where she left her purse. In the state-dependent memory In the effects of mood on memory, a happy mood may evoke state-dependent memory. Brooke drinks so much coffee that she Drink enough coffee to give herself the jitters again The classic studies that first made use of nonsense syllables in the study of Hermann Ebbinghaus. Remembering nonsense syllables is difficult because they are acoustic coding and maintenance rehearsal. A student taking a multiple-choice exam generally relies on the ____ recognition n preparing for the 40th high school reunion, Jill and Ed correctly identified recognition. In taking the position that only fill-in-the-blank tests are suitable for recall The memory task for most of the items in a multiple-choice test, such as recognition. Nonsense syllables are sometimes arranged as paired associates, recall. The paired associates task is used to measure the ____ memory task. recall Peter, a participant in a paired associate learning experiment, noted that both semantic and acoustic encoding The difference between the number of times required to learn savings. The concept of method of savings was developed by Ebbinghaus to study relearning In Ebbinghauss classic curve of forgetting, the greatest memory loss occurs most rapidly just after the material is initially learned Forgetting that occurs because new information inhibits the retrieval of interference theory. According to interference theory we forget material because a and b only Joy just learned to speak French, but she notices retroactive interference. Beatrice took four years of Spanish in high school. In college she studied retroactive interference At college Jim is learning to speak French, but he keeps using proactive interference. George just bought a new laptop computer after years of using a proactive interference. Which of the following statements is true regarding Freuds concept of repression? All of the above Psychoanalysts believe that dissociative amnesia involves repression. Freds history professor exhibits traits similar to those of repression. Bill recently found out that when he was a child his dog, which he thought was repression. The lack of support for the existence of recovered memories is based on Both a and b Freud discovered that many patients could not recall episodes that infantile The text presents several methods to improve memory skills. Which Avoid using familiar associations. In the Method of Loci, the material to be learned is associated with familiar images. The memory strategy called ____ relies on forming associations by linking two items mediation Mnemonic devices can incorporate chunks of information into a format such as all of the above A psychoanalytical explanation of infantile amnesia would include a and b only Which of the following is a physiological factor contributing to infantile amnesia? both b and c Jessica was upset because she was unable to remember her 4th birthday party a or b In ____ amnesia, there are memory lapses for the period following a trauma anterograde Anterograde amnesia interferes with many memory processes such as all of the above One of the symptoms of anterograde amnesia is a failure to establish memories after the injury, but a preservation of memories prior to the injury. Bill was in an automobile accident. The events just prior to the accident are still a retrograde Which of the following is a cognitive factor associated with infantile amnesia? Infants do not reliably use language to symbolize or classify events. In ____ amnesia, the trauma prevents patients from remembering events that retrograde The surviving bodyguard in Princess Dianas car was unable to recall retrograde amnesia. The clinical effects of head trauma suggest a period of consolidation ____ are viewed as electrical circuits in the brain that correspond to memory traces. Engrams In searching for the engram, Karl Lashley was in reality looking for the biological memory. Which of the following are thought to be involved in the biochemical process of both a and b Research on the biology of memory involving the visual cortex of memories may have neural correlates at specific sites When sea snails, such as Aplysia and Hermissenda, are conditioned, serotonin The enhanced efficiency in a synapse after brief rapid stimulation that makes long-term potentiation. Low levels of ____ are correlated with memory loss in Alzheimers disease. acetylcholine All of the following naturally occurring chemical substances have been adrenaline and noradrenaline. The structural changes in the brain that take place with the formation of hippocampus. Joe is a long-term alcoholic who has great difficulty storing new information in hippocampus After a stroke destroyed a large area of his frontal lobe, Dwight was less able to integrate place and time. It appears that storage bins for long-term memories are located in different brain areas. What part of the memory system is the prefrontal cortex thought to play? executive center After an industrial accident in which he experienced a penetrating hippocampus. Damage to the ____ disrupts the formation of ____ memories thalamus; verbal

Primary Government Contract Types

Primary Government Contract Types There are three primary types of government contracts: fixed price, cost reimbursable and time and materials. Fixed price contracts have a negotiated price that remains the same over the life of the contract so the amount you will be paid remains the same. Cost reimbursable contracts involve the government paying for the actual cost to complete the work. Cost reimbursable contracts have a variety of schemes for providing a fee or profit to the contractor. Time and materials contracts have agreed to rates for labor and materials that do not change over the contract and are billed as incurred. Time and materials contracts can have annual escalation rates incorporated in them to reflect increasing costs. Cost Plus Incentive Fee (CPIF) A cost plus incentive fee contract is one where the vendor is reimbursed for costs incurred plus fee based on a formula tied to costs. The fee formula can vary and is normally designed to encourage the contractor to keep costs down. Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF) A cost reimbursement contract where the objectives of the contract are determined to be completed by subjective means. The contractor receives reimbursement for their costs plus the award fee. Cost plus award fee contracts can not be used when cost plus fixed fee or cost plus incentive fee contract would be more appropriate. Cost Plus Fixed Fee (CPFF) A cost plus fixed fee contract reimburses the contractor for the cost incurred to complete the work plus a negotiated fixed fee. The fee does not change based on cost of the work. Cost is calculated based on actual amounts paid for labor and materials plus fringes, overhead and general and administrative rates. Fringe, overhead and general and administrative rates are computed annually and reflect the actual corporate costs. Many government contracts are cost reimbursable. Firm Fixed Price or FFP contracts have detailed requirements and a price for the work. The price is negotiated before the contract is finalized and does not vary even if the contractor needs to expend more or less resources than planned. Firm fixed price contracts require the contractor to manage the costs of the work in order to make a profit. If more work than planned is required then the contractor may lose money on the contract unless a contract modification is obtained. Firm fixed price contracts can also be more profitable if costs are closely managed. Fixed Price Contract With Incentive Fee Target (FPIF) The fixed price contract with incentive fee contract is a firm fixed price type contract (as compared to a cost reimbursable). The fee can vary depending on whether the contract comes in above or below planned cost. These contracts do contain a ceiling price to limit the government’s exposure to cost overruns. Fixed Price With Economic Price Adjustment Fixed price with economic price adjustment contracts are fixed price contracts but they contain a provision to account for contingencies and changing costs. An example is the contract may contain an adjustment for an annual salary increase. Time Materials contracts have rates negotiated before contract award for the cost by labor category and materials. As work is completed the contractor bills against the rates agreed to in the contract regardless of the actual cost. Know which contract type is planned in advance of submitting a proposal as well as during contract negotiations. Knowing the contract type allows you to plan the project and how best to manage it for success. Before a company can get a cost reimbursable contract it must have an approved accounting system.

Writer's Choice Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writer's Choice - Article Example The journal conducted some surveys, as well as interviews and the findings, proved that the Southwestern Region of the United States has been tracking modifications in their programs as well as assessment focus. States in the Southwestern Region are now changing from functional contents to academic contents (Sato, 2008). The journal focuses on the year 2007 and how the five states of the Southwestern region of the United States institutes these alternative programs. The journal also finds that, due to the wide range of student physical disabilities and student cognitive behaviors, a one-size alternative assessment will not fit everybody. In examining the challenges of planning and implementing alternate assessments across these five states, the researchers developed six study queries. These queries include: the challenges that are encountered during the execution of the fresh policies and practices. The second query was how the alternate assessments in the five states looked liked before the research. The researchers explored the different training methods that were offered to educators of alternate assessments. They also examined how the collected results are applied at the student, school, and district as well as at the state level. The researchers also examined to what level the state alternate assessments captured similar skills as states examinations specified for the general student populace. Finally, they examined the technical issues that states were encountering in developing plus implementing valid and reliable alternate assessments (Sato, 2008). I personally feel that the research was well planned. This is because alternate assessments for learners with cognitive disabilities are fairly new in many states, but the research takes an approach that is different from other programs. Other researches do not include every student with different